Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton theorized that the force that cause the apple's acceleration is dependent on the apple's mass. The third law of newton also explains that the force causing the downward acceleration of an apple is the one that also causes the upward acceleration of earth. So, Newton says that the force of gravity acting between the earth and any other object is directly proportional to the mass of the earth, directly proportional to the mass of the object, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates the centers of the earth and the object.(The Physics Classroom 2016)
Since the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of both objects, the massive the objects the greater the gravitational force. The greater the mass, the higher the gravitational force.
Since gravitational force in inversely proportional to the square of distance between them, the farther they are, the weaker the gravitational force.
According to Fowler 2006, gravitational field at any point in space is defined as the gravitational force felt by a tiny
unit mass placed at any point. As you can see on the picture below, the gravitational force is always going towards the center of an object.
Escape Velocity is the velocity needed by an orbiting object to escape from the gravity of another orbiting object.
Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion
There are 3 Laws of Kepler:
The First Law
States that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at
one focus of the ellipse.
The Second Law
States that a line from the Sun to the planet sweeps out
equal areas in equal times, i.e. planets don’t move at
constant speed.
The Third Law
Compares the orbital period and radius of orbit of a planet to those of other planets.
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